Posted By John Reed

Following a roughly 25 percent reduction in his nation's defense budget and surrounded by a Europe that is more concerned with saving the Euro than investing in its militaries, Czech Defense Minister Alexandr Vondra was in Washington yesterday lobbying Defense Secretary Leon Panetta to maintain tight ties with his nation.

Europe is in the midst of "a costly operation to save the currency and it consumes 95 percent of the time of all politicians and around [Europe]" while U.S. politicians are nearly equally preoccupied with fiscal concerns, Vondra told Foreign Policy on Tuesday morning. At the same time, the Pentagon is preparing to withdraw U.S. forces from Afghanistan -- likely meaning that the contingent of Czech troops serving there will leave with them -- and is switching its strategic focus to Asia.

"I've had to cut the [defense] budget by 25 percent in the last two, three years, at the same time we have increased our participation in Afghanistan as the only European ally still there working with you without any caveats," said Vondra.

He added: "We did not decrease, but rather increased the level of deployability of our forces. For example, we have just 14 fighter [jets]; and out of those 14, four are now deployed to the Baltic states to guard their airspace" under NATO's Baltic air policing mission, which provides air defense to alliance members that don't have modern fighter jets. Another four jets are on alert inside the Czech Republic at any given time.

Given the drawdown of U.S. forces from their peacetime bases in Europe and their combat deployments in Afghanistan, where U.S. and Czech troops have frequent opportunities to train together, Vondra called for the U.S. to maintain at least a rotational troop presence in Europe.

"You have decided to reduce your permanent bases in Europe. I'm not happy about that, but I'm a realist. But we should know more about what the rotations [of U.S. troops] will look like" as the Defense Department's shift to Asia gets into full swing, said Vondra. He then urged U.S. leaders to keep "some reasonable U.S. presence in Europe, either on a permanent or rotational basis; but if it's a rotational basis, there must be some concrete plans, real plans on how to secure" a long-term commitment to that presence.

Meanwhile, with the republic standing up a NATO helicopter training center at home while also providing training and mechanical support to the nascent Afghan air force's helicopter fleet, the Czechs "would appreciate more direct cooperation from the U.S." in supporting these expensive efforts, Vondra said.

He also urged the U.S. to maintain its commitment to NATO's European ballistic missile defense system despite declining U.S. defense budgets and the new focus on Asia.

"Some are afraid that in the future, you will only concentrate on your domestic national [missile] defense system, but there must be the NATO system," said Vondra.

The U.S. should also show more leadership in coordinating defense planning and the purchase of common weapons by NATO members  (moves designed to make joint operations between alliance members easier), according to Vondra.

"There are a lot of talks about common defense acquisitions, but if there isn't elementary harmonization in our defense planning, that is very difficult to achieve," said the minister. "Here, I would expect more American activity." The United States has not been aggressive enough in supporting East and Central European modernization efforts, he said.

"The U.S. crisis of 2008 immediately impacted Europe, and the crisis in Europe will impact here," said Vondra. "Of course your relationship with China is important, but I think Europe should remain on your radar screen, you have invested a lot there in the past."

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As you watch tonight’s presidential debate between President Barack Obama and Mitt Romney on foreign policy, remember this: there are few things Americans care less about than foreign policy. And, conveniently, there are fewer things Americans know less about than foreign policy.

But Americans have opinions, nonetheless. Since 2010, there have been more Americans saying they wanted to pull troops out of Afghanistan as soon as possible than those saying the United States should stabilize that country first. By a roughly 60-30 percent gap, Americans are more worried about China’s economic strength than its military power. More than 60 percent have no faith that sanctions will sway Iran to give up its nuclear program. And more than 65 percent of Americans think the administration is treating Israel just fine. As for Russia, only 2 percent of Americans think it’s the greatest threat to the United States.

National security is not run by referendum, however. But keep those statistics and these others released last Friday in mind when Obama and Romney try to strike a balance tonight between looking like a strong commander-in-chief, but not one who is wasteful or itching to get the U.S. too involved around the world. Americans want a tough president, but one who is ready to focus his attention back home, according to the Pew Research Center’s latest findings.

What does that mean for these five issue areas that have been announced for tonight’s debate?

“America’s Role in the World”

This topic goes to the heart of the U.S. military’s footprint around world and how the next president intends to use it -- and never mind the militarization of foreign policy, because that’s a phrase barely mentioned in the Pentagon. Obama has presented Congress a five-year plan that offers a robust global counterterrorism presence with a significant downsizing of the Army and Marine Corps, a plan strongly backed by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and a pivot/rebalancing toward Asia. That means a leaner military. Defense spending could get aired out tonight here and it could be interesting. The brass are on record that they want to reset, refit, and retrain the force for the post-Iraq and Afghanistan world. Few are calling for what Romney is advocating: a significant increase in the troop presence in the Middle East and a 4 percent GDP-sized spending account for the Pentagon. More likely, the candidates will present their views in basest of terms: the open hand of Obama versus the “no apology” of Romney and American exceptionalism. But will they challenge each other?

“Our Longest War -- Afghanistan and Pakistan”

There is less daylight between Obama and Romney on any topic than Afghanistan. That’s mostly because Romney has not offered any different course other than promising to be more attentive to commanders on the ground, which allows him to imply Obama has not done so. In his Tampa acceptance speech, Romney didn’t mention Afghanistan. Republicans are divided over what to do there next. And even though Democrats by 98 percent think Obama’s pullout order too slow, the president gives Romney little room here. The U.S. and NATO are committed to the 2014 deadline -- whether you believe the U.S. will keep fighting that long or not. Unless moderator Bob Scheiffer draws something out of the candidates, those watching among the 67,000 troops in Afghanistan can expect little more than a rehashing of the justification for extending the war another two years.

Red Lines -- Israel and Iran”

Romney has tried most to distinguish himself as a better friend to Israel than Obama. But as they speak, the United States and Israel are preparing to begin a massive war game that’s unofficially geared as a united defense against an Iranian missile threat -- the expected response from Tehran should anyone try to knock out their nuclear program.  “Who loves Israel more?” is now staple campaign fare. Look for Obama tonight to defend his love for Israel and press Romney to say what, exactly, he’d do differently than the current administration. Look for Romney to allege that Obama’s sanctions-loving, Israel-ostracizing public posture is only making the region less stable.

“The Changing Middle East and the New Face of Terrorism”

Obama might use some of this time to explain just how extensively the Pentagon is preparing for or engaged in counterterrorism operations country-by-country across the Middle East and North Africa. U.S. officials are working the new post-Arab Awakening governments to secure relationships and military ties they’ll need to track and keep a thumb on al Qaeda and other extremists. Under Obama, security and stability still drives Middle East policy. Romney will likely continue to hit Obama on botching Benghazi, on not helping the Syrian rebels enough, and for allowing extremism to spread throughout the region. It could be the most interesting exchange of the night, especially if the president opts to highlight U.S. military activity in the region under his watch.

“The Rise of China and Tomorrow’s World”

For some national security watchers, this topic should be called “The Rise of China’s Military.” But it’s not, for a reason. Most Americans are far more concerned about China’s economic rise than they are about J-20 stealth fighter test runs. Romney has made trade with China a centerpiece of his campaign. Don’t expect a debate over strategic power here -- it’s probably the segment to step out and grab popcorn as the candidates discuss manufacturing jobs and currency manipulation. Or to flip over to what tens of millions of other Americans tonight will actually be paying close attention to: Monday Night Football.

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Kevin Baron reports on the people and policies driving the Pentagon and the national security establishment in The E-Ring.

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